War The War Of 1812 - 1543 Words

Intro From being a well-known war hero in the War of 1812 to becoming the 7th president of the United States, Andrew Jackson lived a marvelous life. His past life may have affected him greatly, but it never stopped him from moving to one role to another. Furthermore, not only was he president, but he was also a major general in the army and has been very victorious and successful in leading his troops. Jackson had gone through great lengths to obtain his position and popularity as president. He was the first self-made man, who started from very low points in his life, who became president. In addition, he was well known for his casual temper tantrums and his short temperedness, though he was also known for representing the rights of the common man. If he had conflicts with certain groups, he would deliberately declare war on them with no second thoughts. Furthermore, he is the kind of man who would not deal with these conflicts so he would turn to violence. Because yes, violence is t he answer to all problems. Andrew Jackson is a unique kind of fellow to learn about, and most people would only know him as a tough man who always leads things to violence. Some may have not known the many difficult obstacles that Andrew has faced in his life in which he had to surpass in order to have gone so far and be very successful. Also, all the things he has done has gained him a guaranteed spot for a guy to remember! Early Life Andrew Jackson had a difficult childhood in which he wentShow MoreRelatedWar Of 1812 : War1197 Words   |  5 PagesWar of 1812 Essay The War of 1812 was battled between the Assembled States and Britain. Finishing in 1815 with the Settlement of Ghent, the war did not achieve any of the issues it was being battled about. For the US, the War of 1812 appeared to simply be one disappointment after another. Despite the fact that the military endured awesome disappointment amid the war, these were the immediate result of the disappointment of the nationals to join for the reasons for the war. In light of these disappointmentsRead MoreWar of 18121643 Words   |  7 PagesThe War of 1812 was a war between Britain and the United States fought primarily in Upper Canada. It had many causes, few which involved British North America. The results of the war include the fact that there was no clear winner or loser among them. The only real losers in the situation were the Natives in the region. They were driven out of their lands and customs. None of the borders was changed by the war, though many attempts were made. The T reaty of Ghent, which ended the war, did nothingRead MoreThe War of 1812672 Words   |  3 PagesThe War of 1812 was caused by the many conflicts with Great Britain and France. Even though the United States had made many efforts to stay out of the Napoleonic Wars, the conflict was not avoided. The United States had three primary reasons for declaring war: impressments and violations of trading rights, Indian conflicts, and a desire for western territory. For many years Great Britain and France violated the United States’ neutral shipping rights by confiscating American ships and impressingRead MoreThe War of 18121132 Words   |  4 PagesWar of 1812 The War of 1812 was started by America due to British encroachment on three fronts, trade restrictions imposed by the British, the increasing alliances of the British with Indian tribes blocking American expansion West, and due to British interference with merchant class ships in the Atlantic. The war was fought in the Great Lakes region between America and Canada, near New Orleans in the Gulf of Mexico, in the Atlantic trade routes, and around Washington DC. The British had alwaysRead MoreThe War Of 1812867 Words   |  4 PagesThe build up to the War of 1812 began nearly a decade prior to the start of the military action. Jefferson and the Republican vision slashed spending and government all around, leaving the military depleted and operating on Jefferson s â€Å"Gun Boat Diplomacy,† which meant America had just enough boats to protect American coasts but not enough to partake in any offshore activities. This left America vulnerable to the tactics employed by the British w hen combat resumed between England and France, andRead MoreThe War Of 1812 Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesThe adjournment of the war of 1812 led to three political process which changed the face of America forever. The market revolution, the westward expansion, and the rise of a vigorous political democracy established American policies which are still upheld today. These policies include reformed freedom, improved economic procedures and established a political democracy. Many changes evolved after the war of 1812, the first being the eradication of a one-party government. The election of 1816 is significantRead MoreThe War Of 18123664 Words   |  15 Pagestheir grievances from the War of 1812. They were concerned by growing power of federal government, even though they wanted to start new from England, the majority wanted a moderate compromise. Discussed 3/5 compromise, Louisiana Purchase, Embargo of 1807. 2.Impressment Main cause of the war of 1812, where British ships took over american merchant ships and kidnapped merchants to join the British navy. America used this as the main reason to declare war for the War of 1812 because of nationalism andRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The British War Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction War of 1812 was a conflict between the United States of America forces and the British Empire. Because the British feared that trade with the United States was harmful for the battle with France, they ended up restricting trade between them. Additionally, the British forces feared that the United States’ forces wanted to set up an Indian State in the West in order to maintain a strong influence in the region. This explains why more than 10,000 Native American engaged in fighting on theRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The Civil War959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Antebellum period is known as the period before the Civil War. However, it is described as the periods between the War of 1812 and the Civil War. The word e â€Å"antebellum,† means before the war, and â€Å"reform,† means the improvement of what is wrong. The Antebellum period made transportation more efficient for people who traveled. The Transportation Revolution provided several new, reliable, safe and cost- effective ways to travel to different parts of the nation, including new land in the west. TheRead MoreThe War Of 1812 And The Boer War1522 Words   |  7 Pagestime, mankind has been involved in conflict and struggle with each other. This has been made clear by the fighting either within nations, or between them. Such examples before WWI include: The French Revolution, the War of 1812, and the Boer War. But WWI would forever change how war was fought, and how life was lived in the world. It ushered in many changes to society. But what if none of this ever happened? What if WWI didn’t exist and the world had never heard of the scores of casualties

Swot Analysis - 751 Words

SWOT Analysis By Stacy Collett (Jul. 19, 1999) In order to swat the competition you need to understand SWOT. SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. It s a way to analyze a company s or a department s position in the market in relation to its competitors. The goal is to identify all the major factors affecting competitiveness before crafting a business strategy. SWOT Breakdown SWOT identifies the internal and external factors that affect an organization. Here’s the breakdown of SWOT by internal and external variables: Internal factors (Strengths and weaknesses) †¢ A corporate structure, culture and resources †¢ Shareholders †¢ Customers †¢ Competitors External factors (Opportunities†¦show more content†¦Although some companies might think the move was excessive considering 80% of customers have no problems, Delta believed customer service was an important area for increasing market share and that competitors could pose a threat if Delta didn t address the problem. Another example is Dell Computer Corp., which is a great example of how an IT company can use a SWOT analysis to carve out a strong business strategy, according to Glazer. Dell recognized that its strength was selling directly to consumers and keeping its costs lower than those of other hardware vendors. As for weaknesses, the company acknowledged that it lacked solid dealer relationships. Identifying opportunities was an easier task. Dell looked at the marketplace and saw that customers increasingly valued convenience and one-stop shopping and that they knew what they wanted to purchase. Dell also saw the Internet as a powerful marketing tool. On the threats side, Dell realized that competitors like IBM and Compaq Computer Corp. had stronger brand names, which put Dell in a weaker position with dealers. Dell put together a business strategy that included mass customization and just-in-time manufacturing (letting customers design their own computers and custom-building systems). Dell also stuck with its direct sales plan and offered sales on the Internet. Clarity in strategy works. FuzzyShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Swot And Swot Analysis738 Words   |  3 Pagesknown as SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis is business analysis method that business can use for each of its department when deciding on the most perfect way to increase their business and future growth. This procedure identifies the internal and external strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are in the markets. SWOT analysis helps you decide your position against your competitors, identifies best future opportunities, and highlight current and future threats. SWOT analysis is an acronymRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot1223 Words   |  5 PagesOnStar – SWOT Analysis To help OnStar determine if home monitoring services should be added to its list of products and services, a SWOT analysis should be completed. A SWOT analysis is a situation analysis or tool used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization (SWOT Analysis Definition | Investopedia, 2005). Thus, it is a basic straightforward model that determines what an organization, like OnStar, can and cannot do, as well as determines its opportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot911 Words   |  4 Pages SWOT Analysis In the article â€Å"SWOT analysis† Harmon (2015) offered a definition for SWOT analysis, the purpose of the SWOT analysis, the advantages of performing a SWOT analysis, and outlined and discussed the four components of the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a planning and brainstorming tool that helps people evaluate an idea or project for a business or formulate a business plan (Harmon, 2015). It should be noted that SWOT analysis is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, OpportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1081 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis: A SWOT analysis (SWOT matrix) first used by Stanford Research Institute during 1960-1970 and it was presented by Mr. Albert S. Humphrey a American business and management consultant by using data from fortune 500 companies. We can succeed in our life if we use our talents to our full extent. Similarly, we‘ll have some problems if we know our weakness are, and if we manage these weaknesses so that we don’t matter in the work we do. To understand more about our self and our externalRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1708 Words   |  7 Pages A SWOT analysis is â€Å"a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in a business venture.†(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT analysis, 03/11/14). A swot analysis can also be used to examine a person’s attributes. The strengths and weaknesses usually are internal factors whereas threats and opportunities are mainly external. Advantage Disadvantage Internal Strengths 1. Self-motivated 2. I am organised; accurate and pay attentionRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot2320 Words   |  10 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis, which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selectedRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot852 Words   |  4 PagesStrength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, commonly known as a SWOT analysis is used by businesses. Organizations use the SWOT analysis technique to figure out and understand their areas of strong suits (strengths), their inevitable flaws (weaknesses), prospects that the organization could look into (opportunities) a nd things that pose as intimidations to the organization (threats). There are many obstacles to overcome when it comes to international expansion. Obstacles such as; language andRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1957 Words   |  8 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selected marketsRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe SWOT analysis was originally introduced by Andrews Christiansen, Guth and Learned in 1969 and its basic organizing principles have remained largely unchanged in the field of str ategic management. [BADEN-FULLER, C. H. A. R. L. E. S., STOPFORD, J. (2002). The Firm Matters More than the Industry. Strategy for Business: A Reader, 123.] It is a systematic framework which helps managers to develop their business strategies by appraising their internal and external determinants of their organization’sRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe SWOT analysis, a strategic planning tool was developed by Albert Humphrey in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Albert is said to have come up with this strategic planning tool through the use of data the Fortune 500 companies in the United States of America at that time (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). A SWOT analysis determines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which are a relevant part of any organization especially the ones that get involved in new ventures. This tool assists the users

Pitch perception Essay Example For Students

Pitch perception Essay pageReferencesBaharloo, S., Johnston, P. A., Service, S. K., Gitshcier, J., Freimer, N. B. (1998). Absolute pitch: An approach for identification of genetic and nongenetic components. American Journal of Human Genetics, 62, 224-231. Retrieved 11/16/2004. Deutsch, D. (1985). Dichotic listening to melodic patterns and its relationship to hemispheric specialization of function. Music Perception, 3, (2), 127-154. Gregersen, P.K. (1998). Instant recognition: The gentics of pitch perception. American Journal of Human Genetics, 62, 221-223. Retrieved 11/16/2004. Heaton, P., Hermelin, B., Pring, L. (1998). Autism and pitch processing: a precursor for savant musical ability? Music Perception, 15, (3), 291-305. Lenhoff, H., M., Perales, O., Hickok, G. (2001). Absolute pitch in Williams syndrome. Music perception, 18, (4), 491-503. Levitin, D., J., Bellugi, U. (1998). Musical abilities in individuals with Williams Syndrome, Music Perception, 15, (4), 357-389. Pechstedt, P., H., Kershner, J., Kinsbourne, M. (1989). Musical Training improves processing of tonality in the left hemisphere. Music Perception, 6, (3), 275-298. Simpson, J., Huron, D. (1994). Absolute pitch as a learned phenomenon: Evidence consistent with the Hick-Hyman law. Music Perception, 12, (2), 267-270. Sloboda, J. A. (1985). An exceptional music memory. Music Perception, 3, (2), 155-170. Nature or Nurture: The origins of pitch PerceptionFor most of us, quick and accurate perception of the visual world is essential for getting around in life; we take for granted our instant recognition of color, shape, distance, and the physical relationships between objects. Many aspects of the auditory world are also apprehended in an effortless manner: a nighttime whistle is easily identified as a distant train, without any deliberation. However, identifying the pitch of an isolated whistle is beyond the abilities of most people. This is also the case for most musicians, despite the fact that they spend every day working in the context of a standardized system of pitch relationships. Those rare individuals who can instantly recognize the pitch of a random piano tone or passing car horn, without the use of a reference pitch, possess a cognitive ability that is termed absolute pitch.The range of useful musical pitches is 20-5,000 Hz, which is, roughly the range of a piano keyboardPit ch is a one-dimensional attribute defined by the number of vibrations, per second, emanating from a sound source, such as a plucked stringThe peripheral auditory organs are designed specifically for frequency analysis. The cochlear basilar membrane vibrates, at each point along its length, with an optimal resonant frequency. The fact that all humans are quick to appreciate the differences in timbre between instruments illustrates the extreme sensitivity of this organ to complex frequency spectra. Therefore, AP perception is not dependent on a special kind of ear; it reflects a particular ability to analyze frequency information, presumably involving high-level cortical processingDuring the last century, scientific opinion about the etiology of AP has been spread widely across the nature-nurture continuum (Ward and Burns 1982). Many studies have suffered from low statistical power, a lack of controls, and a minimal appreciation for the complexities of genetic causation. The report by Baharloo et al. (1998 in this issue), with Nelson Freimer and his colleagues at the University of California San Francisco (UCSF), marks the dawn of a refreshing new era in this regard. By surveying and testing a large population of musicians, the authors have begun to generate basic information on the prevalence and familial aggregation of AP and on environmental factors that influence the development of AP. Particularly important is the careful attention paid by Baharloo et al. to defining the phenotype. Although AP is qualitatively distinct from the relative-pitch ability possessed by all trained musicians, it nevertheless exhibits some phenotypic heterogeneity, and this is likely to be an important consideration for successful mapping studies. .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 , .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 .postImageUrl , .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 , .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92:hover , .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92:visited , .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92:active { border:0!important; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92:active , .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92 .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u343cc9937c700052723bd355c8019b92:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Persuasive Essay - the Arts in the EducationA second major finding of the UCSF group is that musicians with AP tend to start their musical education quite early in childhood, nearly all at

The Oil And Petrodollar Connection to the Recent Military Conflict free essay sample

The Future of the Dollar as a Petrodollar. In this paper, I intend to assess the validity of claims that there is a definite connection between the petrodollar and recent military conflicts. I will also look at why the United States needs to keep the dollar as the global reserve currency to secure their global hegemony for the future and what other contenders for the role of reserve currency are emerging. The Petrodollar Connection with the Recent Military Conflict in Iraq There is a history of violence related to oil. A major example of this is World War Two. In 1945, Albert Speer, the German Armaments minister told his Allied forces captors that â€Å"the need for oil was certainly a prime motive† for Hitler to invade Russia even though Hitler had told the German people that the motive was to â€Å"save the western world† from barbaric and godless communists (Black, 2007). Now with the trade of oil linked so closely to the hegemony of the US, this history of violence is set to continue. We will write a custom essay sample on The Oil And Petrodollar Connection to the Recent Military Conflict or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After World War Two, world leaders met at Bretton Woods to negotiate a new international monetary system. The front runners in the negotiations were the United States and the United Kingdom. John Maynard Keynes, the UK’s leading economist, called for more realist policies and believed that no national currency would be strong enough to be the global reserve currency. He suggested that a new currency would be created (which he called ‘bancor’) and that it would be administered by a world central bank. This did not fit in with the policies of the US and their leading economist Harry Dexter. The World War had left many countries in debt and the UK was no exception. The UK had borrowed money from the US in order to fund their participation in the war. Therefore, the US was able to get their way when it came to the matter of negotiating the future of the global currency at Bretton Woods. The US dollar became the global reserve currency at a price linked to gold. While the US did compromise on some matters, this was one thing they did not. This shows how important having the dollar as the leading currency in the international monetary system is to the US (O’Brien amp; Williams, 2010). While the US dollar is no longer linked to gold due to President Nixon breaking the link when a problem called the ‘Triffin Dilemma’ was uncovered, where there would not be enough gold to cover the amount of dollars there were outside of the US, the US dollar still remains as the global reserve currency to this day and the US have shown that they are prepared to use extreme measures in order for it to stay this way. From the 1970s when the link to gold was cut, the US dollar became an oil-backed currency. Many argue that this provides reason for the US to use extreme measures such as military intervention in oil producing countries (Clark, 2005). One of the key factors keeping the dollar as the global reserve currency is its unique position as ‘petrodollar’. This means that transactions for oil are made using the dollar. Through the process of petrodollar recycling, the US is able to sustain yearly current account deficits and fund its military supremacy amongst other things. So it is therefore important to the US to keep the dollar as the currency used to trade oil. After the cold war, Europe became more united and eventually a single monetary zone was created along with the euro currency. Before this, there was not another currency that could challenge the dollar to its throne of global reserve currency. On the 24th September 2000, Saddam Hussein announced after a meeting of his government that Iraq would begin the transition from using the dollar for its oil transactions to using the euro currency. This caused the US to make plans to ensure that this did not happen and to keep the dollar as the currency Iraq, one of the biggest oil producing countries in the world, used to sell oil (Clark, 2005). In 2003, the US military invaded Iraq under the pretence of them stockpiling Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs). As a UN report later concluded, there were no such WMDs present in Iraq (BBC News, 2005). William R. Clark argues that the real reason the US invaded Iraq was to secure the dollar’s global dominance (2005). It is of vital importance to the US economy to keep the dollar in its dominant position within the international monetary system. While countries keep large reserves of dollars, this effectively provides the US with free imported goods and services. Without this input, the US economy will struggle. Their central bank will have to start building up foreign currency reserves such as the euro which would mean trouble for their attempts at monetary management. The US would lose their subsidy of effectively free goods and services and the value of the dollar will come down dramatically (Gokay, 2004). This means that there is much more at stake in the Iraq war than publicised by the US government. It’s not just a fight against terrorism, or a fight to keep the US supplied with the oil it needs to continue its lavish lifestyle. It is a fight to keep the US in the position to have its debts denominated in its own currency that it has enjoyed for around 40 years. It is a war against Europe as well as it is a war against Iraq to try and see off the euro’s challenge to the dollar (Gokay, 2004). While it may have been the principal objective behind the Iraq war, securing the dollar’s position is not the only advantage the US gains from controlling the oil in Iraq. Firstly, it would mean they would control the oil supplied to Europe. This will ensure Europe’s loyalty to the US. Zbigniew Brzezinski warns in his book The Grand Chessboard (1997) of how a truly united Eurasia would be a major threat to US hegemony. This is because Eurasia is one of the biggest land masses, and is where much of the world’s supply of oil either comes from, or goes through. The economy of Eurasia would soon surpass that of the US and in turn, the military power will as well. If the US controls the oil to Europe then they will be able to control political decisions in Europe especially regarding relationships with countries in the Middle-East and the Far-East. Also, China is emerging as a potential major competitor with the US. At the moment China is going through what could be described as their ‘Industrial Revolution’ and are demanding large supplies of oil to power it. If the US controls the supply of oil to China at this stage, they could at least profit from their excessive use of oil, if not slow their growth down to stop China’s economy catching up with theirs. In December 2007, Iran the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC’s) second largest member, had ceased trading its oil for US dollars. Instead it now trades its oil for most other major currencies with the euro being the predominant currency (Reuters, 2007). If we assume for now that the US did in fact invade Iraq to ensure they continue trading oil in dollars, you have to wonder what the US will do now Iran has stopped trading oil in dollars. It was a lot easier in the case of Iraq because they did not have the capability to strike the US with a WMD such as a nuclear weapon. The US could invade Iraq and only risk the lives of a very small minority of its citizens. Things are completely different in the case of Iran. This is because Iran has a much stronger military and could inflict a lot more damage to the US. Also, experts believe that it would only take a few months for them to build a nuclear weapon (BBC News, 2011a). This leaves the US in a difficult position as an attack on Iran to secure its oil would be too risky. The heart of Eurasia, the Caspian – Caucasus region, is geopolitically a very tense region. This is where the different social, political and economic traditions of Russia, Turkey, Iran and the Shiite and Sunni of the Islamic world all meet. However, this is the region which will be vital to the future of oil production due to its vast unexploited oil potential and the decreasing production of the North Sea and Alaska’s North Slope regions (Gokay, 1999). If the US can control the oil in this region, then this should secure the dollar’s position as the leading international currency for the foreseeable future. The geopolitics of this region is one of the main reasons for Iran to ask buyers of their oil for payment in euros instead of dollars. There is ongoing tension between Iran and Israel and with the US being the main source of Israel’s financial and political support, Iran wants to punish the US. Switching their oil trade to euros is a much more effective punishment for the US than an oil embargo (Gokay, 2004). Other Contenders to the Dollar’s Throne Paul Krugman (1995) speaks of the six roles of the dollar (See ‘Table 1’ below). They are based on Cohen’s 1971 model. Firstly the dollar is a medium of exchange or ‘vehicle’ in private transactions or an ‘intervention’ currency in official use as it is brought and sold by central banks. It is also a unit of account with many trade contracts being denominated in dollars making it an ‘invoice’ currency or a ‘peg’ as the par values for exchange rates are often stated in terms of the dollar. Finally, it is a store of value. For private agents it has a ‘banking’ role as they hold liquid dollar-denominated assets and for central banks it is a ‘reserve’ (Krugman, 1995). Table 1: Roles of an International Currency (Krugman, 1995) For a currency to take over from the dollar as the leading international currency, it will need to be able to fulfil all of the above roles. Looking at the first role, a medium of exchange for private actors, we can see that there is currently increased, yet still distant competition from other currencies. To fulfil this role a currency needs to have economies of scale. Back in 1978, Kubarych said â€Å"Since the dollar is the main currency for international trade and investment the dollar market for each currency is much more active than between any pair of foreign currencies. By going through the dollar, large amounts can be traded more easily† (Kubarych, 1978). At its peak, 95% of international trade was conducted in dollars. However, now this has fallen to around 55%. Even though there has been a rather dramatic decline in the denomination of international trade conducted using dollars, the euro is still a rather distant second and other currencies such as the British Pound, Japanese Yen amp; Chinese Yuan are even further behind in the field (Turk, 2011). One of the other most important roles for an international currency is it’s store of value as a ‘reserve’ held by foreign central banks. Table 2: Share of national currencies in total identified official holdings of foreign exchange, end of year (In percent)(IMF, 2010) As you can see from ‘Table 2’ on the previous page, accessed from the IMF Annual Report 2010, the percentage of dollars being held by other countries is slowly falling while that of the euro is increasing, meaning the dollar is starting to see competition from the euro in the role of ‘reserve’ as well as its role of a medium of exchange. Although, as you can see from ‘Table 2’, the euro still has a long way to go to overtake the dollar. There have been previous occasions when there was a scare that the dollar would be overtaken by a rival currency, once in the late 1970s and again in the early 1990s. However these scares were premature. However, this time around things could be different because of the existence of the euro as a plausible rival. Menzie Chinn amp; Jeffery Frankel state in their 2005 study that the euro could overtake the dollar as the top reserve currency by as early as 2020. They say in order for this to happen the countries within the EU who are not currently using the euro (including the UK) need to adopt the euro as their currency. Or even if not all of these countries adopt the euro, the dollar could still be overtaken if the US government continues to depreciate its value (Chinn amp; Frankel, 2005). Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) are another contender to the throne of the dollar. SDRs are allocated to member states of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) at a low cost. They do not represent a currency, but can be exchanged for the currencies of the IMF members. China has been the main driving force behind the push for SDRs to replace the dollar as the international reserve currency. While Chinn amp; Frankel (2008) argue that the euro is the main contender to the throne of the dollar, China believes that a reserve currency that is not connected to economic conditions and sovereign interests of any single country is needed. Also, accumulating a foreign-exchange exposure is another cost to countries of having a national currency as the leading international currency (Humpage, 2009). Conclusion I believe the best way forward for the world economy would be to switch to using a basket of currencies or something along the lines of SDRs instead of having the dollar as the leading international currency. We have seen the troubles of having the dollar as the reserve currency in the recent global financial crisis. It is a classic example of the saying â€Å"when America sneezes, the whole world catches a cold†. America’s economy was in trouble and this rippled through most of the globe. This was partly down to the vast amount of dollars the rest of the world has to keep in reserve in order to keep their economies stable. If we were using a non-national currency as a global reserve currency then I believe the recent global financial crisis would not have been as hard hitting. This, I believe, is because the monetary policies the US had to put into place to stabilise their economy made the dollars that countries held in their reserves worth less. However, I do not believe that the US will allow any other currency, be it another national currency or a non-national currency, take the dollars throne. This is because it would not be long after the dollar loosing its position as the leading international currency that the US would loose their hegemonic position. While having something like SDRs or Adam Smith’s ‘bancor’ as the global reserve currency would probably be better for the world economy, if the US was ever in a position where it was going to loose it’s hegemonic position, with the destructive power that it possesses, I don’t think it would go without a fight.

How music influences the world in a global sense free essay sample

It is recognized all over the world, and it has the ability to bring people together in times of joy, tragedy, war, and peace. As someone who understands both the simplicity and the complexity Of music, am very opinionated as to what makes music good or in better words, worth listening to. Composers such as Vivaldi, Mozart, and many others helped to define music of their generations. Everyone knew and appreciated the works they composed, and a great number of people still find the time to appreciate it. In the rock and roll era, The Beetles, Elvis Presley,Buddy Holly, Jim Hendrix, and Led Zeppelin started revolutions in their own ways. These artists each helped to shape todays music. Other artists that have changed music as it is known today include Michael Jackson, Johnny Cash, David Bowie, Queen, Billie Holiday, and many others. My respect for the aforementioned artists is overwhelming. We will write a custom essay sample on How music influences the world in a global sense or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These artists of the past are definitely still worth listening to. What defines the music of today? Is there truly a way to define it vaguely? Since there is so much to listen to, everyone has their own definition of music.Personally, my definition of music revolves around one artist: Josh Groan. His talent is undeniable, and his voice is nothing short of incredible. Though listen to all kinds of music, from classical, to rock, to pop, to country, no artist has impacted my life as much as Josh has. A great part of my decision to become a classically trained singer involved my realization that Josh took classical music and made it interesting again. He brought people of my generation into the world of classical music through the world that he creates for his fans when he sings.Think about the important moments one has in their life. The moments we are sure to remember are usually the ones with music. My first time going to school, I learned the Abss. All through elementary school, I learned songs I will remember forever, such as the National Anthem, America the Beautiful, and many others. I know the theme song to my favorite movies and television shows. Know Pomp and Circumstance, I know the wedding march, and I know what song I will dance to with my husband as our first dance at my wedding. Believe in the power of music to influence peoples lives.It is a binding force known to everyone in the world. It is beautiful, it is communicable, and it is adored. Music is something to be cherished and admired, because it has been, and will be, around forever. Years, if not decades, from now, people will still recognize Mozart and Vivaldi, and they will also recognize Michael Jackson, The Beetles, and Elvis Presley as remarkable talents. Music that is worth something lives, even when their artists or composers cease to exist on this earth, and that is truly how you define good music.

Stereotypes of American Citizens

Stereotypes of American Citizens The American citizens have diverse stereotypes that emanate from their inherent attributes such as gender, race, ethnicity, culture, occupation, and/or ancestral origin. McAndrew and Akande lament that in the United States, African Americans are the most stereotyped due to racial discrimination and the dark history of slavery (650). Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes of American Citizens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The whites see African Americans as poor, lazy, superstitious, primitive, and criminal race. Western stereotypes depict Native Americans as fierce warriors, violent, criminals, drunkards, primitive and hunters, while European Americans stereotypes are intellectual, rich, racists, powerful, hardworking and innovative in their occupations. Primitivism, criminals, illegal immigrants, smugglers, terrorists and actors are the major stereotypes associated with the Latino Americans. The westerners also portray Asian Americas as culture oriented, intruders, intelligent, innovative, sexually active, and hardworking. The westerners also view Middle East Americans as Muslims, moneyed, terrorists, bombers, thieves, and murders. Gender stereotypes in the United States reflects men as tall, huge, quiet and powerful while women are tall, slim, talkative and less powerful. Given the diversity of stereotypes that the Americans hold about each racial group, how do they affect effective communication? Stereotypes of various racial groups in the United States occur in the literature, media and comedies. The media constantly portray certain attributes and characters associated with given racial groups, thus changing the perceptions of Americans resulting into stereotypes. In schools, literature and socialization generates more stereotypes of various races. From the stereotyped attributes, I realized that the most prominent stereotypes about certain race are the negative ones implying th at stereotyping is degradation of real attributes concerning specific groups. I discovered that stereotypes do not reflect the true and accurate attributes of a particular race or ethnic group because they are forms of criticism, which always tend to portray real attributes of the people in the most negative way possible. Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the society, people form stereotypes to criticize, abuse, or even defame others in social and political arenas. Stereotypes are common during times of social unrest, political campaigns, games and other social gathering. Since stereotypes involve defamation, abuse and criticism, they are unfair because they negatively portray true attributes of the people. Stereotypes such as primitiveness and naivety interfere with successful communication because the person communicating sees the other as someone who does not understand t he topic or the context of discussion and this degrading perspective contravenes existence of any meaningful engagement. Eventually, the communicating partners would not communicate effectively due to the stereotypes. Moreover, since stereotypes due to racial differences tend to classify people into stereotyped groups, the most negatively stereotyped group would feel degraded and develop fears, which would significantly interfere with effective intergroup communication. Stereotypes such as criminality, violence, and terrorism associated with particular races scare other racial group and prevent friendly interaction, which interferes with effective interracial communication. Understanding one’s stereotypes and those associated with other racial or ethnic groups would enhance effective communication. For effective communication to occur, one should be able to indentify offending stereotyped language and character in order to avoid annoying others who perceive such stereotypes as offensive. Nurturing of positive stereotypes about certain racial or ethnic group enhances socialization and thus effective communication. For example, identifying with cultural lifestyles of particular racial or ethnic groups promotes intercultural interaction, which ultimately improves effective communication. Stereotyping affects relationship among friends; for instance, one day my friends teased me that I looked like a Negro and went further to discusses how Negroes are presumably primitive, naà ¯ve and poor. This experience heralded the death of our relationship even though the perpetrators of the same were my very close friends. We almost fought and for the first time I hated my friends for upholding misconstrued opinions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Stereotypes of American Citizens specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More McAndrew, Frank, and Akande, Antoun. African of Americans of African and European De scent. Journal of Social Psychology 135.5 (1995): 649–655.

Analysis Phase Of System Development Life Cycle Thesis

Analysis Phase Of System Development Life Cycle - Thesis Example There is aim regarding implementing a new information technology system at ABC Company, which is an accounting enterprise. The main intention of this implementation is to minimize the information management complexity and improve the overall working systems flexibility to get better working performance and functionality. In addition, this report presents detailed and comprehensive analysis of implementation of an IS (information system) and critically assess the analysis phase of the overall SDLC (software development lifecycle) of this information system for the ABC Company. Here system development life cycle is a group of activities those are aimed to develop the whole project. The main intention of the SDLC is to provide a complete framework regarding the development of the whole system product. In this scenario system development moves through each stage of development and offers a better system development output. The analysis phase of the SDLC is the initial phase of system dev elopment. In this phase we analyze the whole system regarding its requirements, feasibility and development areas. At the present, the business of ABC accounting enterprise is functioning by using the traditional ways of business management (i.e. paper based, decentralized legacy systems). However, the modern and up-to-date techniques for the business and corporate technology have allowed the higher management to think about the new business technology implementation at the corporate structure. The main intention behind the development and implementation of the modern and up-to-date techniques of information technology in the business and corporate structures is to enhance the overall corporate performance and enhanced management of the business data. The current era is known as the age of information technology as IT is playing basic and major roles in almost every field of life. In addition, the

The Impact of Welfare on the Country Economics Essay - 157

The Impact of Welfare on the Country Economics - Essay Example The economic conditions that the world was served within the Post First World War were a mere recipe for the disaster, frustration, and anguish within. Pestilence, crippled bodies, handicapped people, unemployment, no pays for the soldiers, empty stocks all were the outlook of the different European societies. The Economic Crunch that hit the World towards the late 1920s decayed the overall structure of social and economic outfit in a further uglier manner (Brassley et.al, 2012, p. 115). The certain clauses and actions taken by the League towards the defeated nations led to the hostile mindset creation within. For example, Germany was left high and dry, which in turn rose the spirit of revenge and vendetta against the European superpowers. Austria and Hungry were segmented within and left underdeveloped. The spoils of the First World War went directly into the hands of the Big Four namely Great Britain, France, Russia, and Italy. Each aimed at maximizing its gains from the war, which in turn led to the imbalance in the distribution. The establishment of Yugoslavia was another area of weakness with regard to the miss calculation in the overall assessment of a situation that was at hand. The other major events that developed towards the post First World War were the jingoism of the Japanese nation. The attacks on Manchuria by Japan were one of the events marked as an act of hostility towards global peace. The weakness of the League on the basis of the fact that major nations stayed away from it, or left it during the midway made it further weaker in its outlook. The absence of the United States of America from the overall environment of hostility did not help the global perspective and European political affairs.

Women and Learderhip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women and Learderhip - Essay Example An example is the trait leadership theory. In this theory, it is believed that some people are born to lead. They inherit traits that deem them viable leaders. In the early days, men were the leaders and few women if any were given leadership roles. Thus, the inheritance theory insinuates that the leadership traits are passed down along gender lines. However, such traditional leadership theories have been modified by more current leadership theories. An example of such a theory is the behavioral leadership theory. In this scenario, leadership traits are acquired rather than inherited. The current theories are not gender biased and thus, anyone with the capability of acquiring the traits is regarded as a leader. The theories also give opportunities for people to rise to leadership responsibilities. Napoleon was a great leader and he led his army into many successful battles. The fact that he was participating in the war and fought along his men says that he led by example. This is considered as one of the most important traits in leadership. Leading by example creates confidence among the people working under you. Building confidence ensures that there is a good working environment and that the activity that people are undertaking is productive. Leading by example also allows a leader to evaluate the various situations that people encounter in the process of any activity. Thus, if any, immediate decisions need to be made, a leader can easily make a sound decision as he/she was involved in the proceedings. In this case, situational leadership is effective in cases where the leader was actively involved in the project. Leading by example allows for an environment where leaders can interact with their staff. Through this interaction, a leader gets to know areas where his/her team is weak and can rectify it so as to give a maximum output. Leaders interacting with their teams also create an environment where any team player can relay any

Siddharthas Stages Analysis

Siddharthas Stages Analysis Siddhartha Tries to Learn Enlightenment Through Teachers Siddhartha started his life a Brahman, declared to be a special gifted Brahman from birth, extremely eager to attend teachers lessons to becoming enlightened on his path to total enlightenment. He had gone to his father when he was a young Brahman and learned to the capacity of the teachers knowledge. Though he believed hed exhausted his teaching at his home, he was not satisfied and requested from his father to allow him to leave to travel with the Samanas, throwing away any and everything that was handed to him as a noble man. His father was immediately furious upon request and denied him. Siddhartha responded by standing for a day, in the same position, unrelenting, to show he had made his mind up and he was serious about the decision. His father, though hesitant, saw the commitment he showed and agreed to let Siddhartha leave with the Samanas. He left to learn with the traveling monks their teaching of asceticism, a rejection of the body and physical desire. Siddhartha adjusts qu ickly because of the patience and discipline he learned in the Brahmin tradition. He learns from the Samanas how to free himself from the traditional trappings of life, losing the desire for; property, clothing, sexuality, and any sustenance except that required to survive. He thinks to find enlightenment, he must eliminate his Self, and successfully does so, renouncing the pleasures of the world. Siddhartha grows tired of the path of self-denial and sees that the oldest members of the Samanas have yet to attain true spiritual enlightenment, so just as he and his follower and best friend Govinda did before with the Brahmins, they must move on to another teacher. At this time, the monks begin hearing of and spreading talk of a new holy man named Gotama the Buddha who is said to have attained the total spiritual enlightenment called, Nirvana. Govinda convinces Siddhartha they should seek out Gotama. They inform the leader of the Samanas of their decision, in which he responds in a dis pleased manner, but is silenced by Siddhartha when he gives him an almost hypnotizing gaze to silence his disapproval. Siddhartha and Govinda find the camp of Gotamas followers and are welcomed. Its not long before Siddhartha identifies Gotama as a monk with an aura around him, and he and Govinda are instructed in the Eightfold Path, the four main points and other aspects of Buddhism. Govinda is convinced into joining Gotama as his follower while Siddhartha still had doubts, and notices a flaw (or contradiction) in Gotamas teaching: how can one embrace the unity of all things as the Buddha asks, if they are also told to overcome the physical world. Siddhartha concludes he must go, and leave Govinda, upon his request, to find the answers he needs. He had learned fasting and patience in this first learning exposure. He had put off the worldly pleasures so quickly and lost himself, he thought he would need to re-find himself in order to experience these pleasures to banish them entirel y. Siddhartha Learning From Himself He decides to learn a life free from meditation and the spiritual quests he has been pursuing, and instead learn from the pleasures of the body and material world. In this journey, he meets a friendly ferryman fully content with his simple life. Siddhartha tells him he has no valuables to exchange for the ferrymans kindness, which he is responded by the ferryman asking for Siddharthas friendship when Siddhartha returns to the river. Siddhartha agrees and departs, then coming to a city, and before entering, comes into contact with a beautiful woman being carried, whom greets him kindly while glancing at the aged and unkempt man. She entices him and he decides she would be the best to learn the world of love from so he cleans himself up and goes to her to seek her wisdom, however, she denied him, until he proved he could fit into the material world. She tells him to take the path of the merchant, and with her help, Siddhartha finds employment with a merchant named Kamaswami, to learn t he trade. While he learns wisdom of the business world and masters such skills, Kamala becomes his lover and she teaches him what she knows of love. Siddhartha stays for many years, and is soon a rich man enjoying the benefits of a privileged life. He gambles, drinks, dances, and has anything that can be bought in the material world at his disposal. But he is detached from this life and only sees it as a game. He soon gets caught in a cycle of unhappiness and tries to escape it by gambling, drinking, and having sex even more than before. He has a dream of Kamalas rare songbird dead in its cage and understands the material world is killing him without providing the enlightenment that he has been searching for, and once he finally thinks the game is over, he just leaves. He does not take anything with him other than the clothes on his back, and tells no one of his departure. He obtains the knowledge of the pleasures hes been attempting to diminish, so that he may now rid himself of th em. Now that he has accomplished this, he is ready to move to whatever journey his life brings him to next. Siddhartha Finding a Wise Teacher and Finding Satisfaction He blankly, and sick at heart, wanders until coming upon a river. He looks and the water and decides drowning himself would be best, and as hes about to succumb to death, he hears om and pulls himself from the water, then throws himself onto the river bank and falls asleep. He sleeps for two days to awaken to a monk watching over him, that he immediately recognizes to be Govinda. He thanks him for watching his slumber and once again departs from his friend to search for the ferryman. He finds him and gets onto the ferry, exchanging banter with the ferryman and recalling their previous meeting and is asked to stay with the man Vasudeva. He agrees to have Vasudeva be his teacher, but once Siddhartha knows to direct the ferry, Vasudeva tells him there is nothing he can teach him, and he will have to find the teacher responsible for Vasudevas virtue(s) on his own. After some time, Siddhartha asked Vasudeva learned from the river, in which he is confirmed and praised for realizing the riv ers teachings by Vasudeva. Siddhartha spends his time ferrying men across the river, and listening to the rivers many voices. After a while, there is news of Gotama being on his deathbed spreading around, calling Kamala out for a chance to seek council with the great Buddha. She brings her son with her as she travels to find Gotama, but while she rests and her son plays, she is tragically bitten by a poisonous snake and slowly succumbs to death, and before leaving, Siddhartha stumbles upon her and holds her as she passes. She confesses to him that the boy with her is his child, and the boy goes with Siddhartha to stay with him and Vasudeva. The boy learns to ferry the boat, and after some time he abandons Siddhartha and takes the boat to a city where he starts his own journey. Siddhartha mourns his son leaving, and ponders going after and finding him and arrives in front of the city thought to harbor him. But realizes the wisdom Vasudeva gives him and understands his son must learn his path on his own, and instead of entering the city he leaves. He mourns for a while longer, and resumes his teachings from the river, upon which Vasudeva makes his departure into the forest, leaving Siddhartha as the ferryman. Siddhartha has at this point become very wise and lives his days out on the river, ferrying men across. A familiar man joins him on the ferry, who he finds to be Govinda. Govinda asks him of the knowledge hes acquired, and is given knowledge from Siddhartha on his values of everything around him. Siddhartha learned the value of the world and materials around him, to appreciate every aspect of everything and be accepting of this resolve.

The Law of One Price in Financial Markets

The Law of One Price in Financial Markets Owen A. Lamont and Richard H. Thaler The Law of One Price is an economic way of rational perspective to explain the expectation of price uniformity of a particular commodity or say any economics goods across national boundaries. The law tries to explain what a market price condition of a given goods should be, all things being equal, across global boundaries. This law will hold where every variable that has a causality effect on price variation are held constant.That is where there is absence of transaction cost and no restriction or barrier to trades Lamont and Thaler (2003) try to use real word scenario to explain the functionality and effectiveness of the law of one price. Under the assumption that the law could be realistic in completive market with no transaction and barrier to trade cost. The point of interest is to see whether this law could be violated. Using the aspirin market as an example, Lamont and Thaler are able to justify that it is very easy to violate the law in a consumer goods market.There are many factors that shape the consumer buying decision and some of these factors can actually lead to the violation of the law of one price. Example of such factors may include consumer foreknowledge about a product, influence of friends and family, perception about substitute goods or similar goods with brand variation. Owing to the factors that influence consumers buying decision of a consumers goods, it is difficult for Arbitrageur to have any influence in consumer goods market thereby causing the violation of the law of one price .Lamont and Thaler says there exist no open way to sell short a consumer product and because of preconception about a consumer product by the consumer, it is very difficult to predict when consumer will see the error in their way. In most instances, consumers realize their mistakes during post purchase evaluation Thaler and Lamont try to find see if the Law of one price is actually b eing kept in the financial market where there is room for short selling and transaction cost are pretty low. Using several examples from the financial arket, it is obvious that this law is being violated more often. Closed end investment fund or mutual fund case sighted by Thaler and Lamont might seems to be in violation of the Law of one price, but obviously from the analysis, the closed end mutual fund security and the underlying asset are not identical. And the fee charge by a fund manager for his service is somewhat rational. On the other hand, the ADR example using the Infosys example reflects the violation of the law of one price as obviously there are large discrepancies between the two prices.In the case of Twin share of Ryal Dutch and Shell, it is surprising that Royal Dutch was selling at a higher value than Dell even though it is pretty much a share of the same company but after the announcement that the US is dropping all foreign share, the market quickly reacted to the information and the premium on Royal Dutch dropped from 6% to 1% within 24 hours. Obviously, it the incident is a clear indication of the violation of the law of one price considering the fact that there are room for short selling and an ample opportunity for arbitrager to even get involvedConsidering all the cases presented by Thaler and Lamont, it is submitted that economists do need to focus more on whether the market is sending the right signal to the to the market participants or not. It can be concluded from the case studies that the law of one price should hold only if the same asset is selling at different price in different market simultaneously, then the arbitrageurs could step in take advantages of price differences which will allow it to make some pretty money for him/her self before the market get to equilibrium.However, it is logical to say that no two securities are completely identical. Nonetheless, it may be reasonable to say that arbitrageurs could still make some decent living in the presence of imperfect information in the financial market Work Cited Lamont, Owen A. and Richard H. Thaler. Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 17, Number 4—Fall 2003—Pages 191–202

Marketing Research Analysis: Kudler Fine Foods Essay

Throughout this paper, I will explain the marketing research on Kudler Fine Foods. This paper will also discuss the significance of marketing research and how it affects the evolution of Kudler Fine Foods’ marketing strategy and tactics. Then, the fields where further market research is required will be distinguished. Subsequently, the significance of competitive intelligence and analysis concerning the promotion of Kudler Fine Foods’ marketing strategy and tactics will be considered. Kudler Fine Foods Marketing Research Kudler Fine Foods is primarily located in southern California with three successful sites. The original store launched in La Jolla in 1998 by Kathy Kudler, a creative thinker who wished for a place where she could purchase everything she wanted so that she could make dinner and thought that opening a chain of gourmet markets was the answer. The Del Mar and Encinitas sites were in motion within five years (University of Phoenix, 2013). Marketing research comprises more than just talking to a consumer and asking them to fill out a survey answering questions to find out how they agree and disagree. It implicates the identification of the elements of the part of the population that is the target market, the way people live and their values, and the information collected while conducting the fundamental research and analyzing the information. The results can then be used to make current business strategies better, make business decisions that are based on supply, demand, the demographics, avoid any indiscretions, calculate a correct likelihood and accurate probabilities centered on consistency of past experiences, and decide which strategic expenses are sensible for the company. Marketing research draws in a lot of time and can be expensive, before making valuable marketing choices and a communication strategy, it is essential to reflect the different kinds of buyers and consumers, and possible helpful and harmful influences, which guides to the tactical marketing methods. Also, preliminary research assists to conquer existing tasks, explain upcoming purposes and proposals, and financial arrangements. Furthermore, this early research will help to center budgets on an exact marketing phase and the attention of every phase can arrange managing systems on various marketing research methods (Armstrong & Kotler, Chapter 4, 2011). Areas Where Further Market Research is Required Kudler Fine Foods has numerous fields where additional marketing research is required. Even though it is a fantastic concept to develop proceeds in the store, teaching consumers to make these specialty foods is time consuming and too expensive. Kudler is getting well-known chefs from all over the world to teach the customers. It is expensive to hire very prominent chefs and they will be educating Kudler Fine Foods’ customers free of charge with anticipation that it will increase their consumer’s social network. Kudler will also present lessons at the homes of their customer’s for a first rate fee (University of Phoenix, 2013). Nonetheless, customers would most likely rather take the cooking classes for free at a Kudler’s location opposed to paying a fee for cooking classes at their homes. With the purpose of fixing this, Kudler should stop providing these cooking lessons services for customer’s altogether. They could also solve this problem by charging a first rate fee for the in store and at home trainings. The Importance of Competitive Intelligence and Analysis Kathy Kudler manages marketing research by recognizing novelty items and also stays current with new items that are available. In addition, she examines everything that the competitors have to offer and their particular sale prices and monitors the marketing in food magazines, meetings, and the internet. Following all of the investigation, she acquires a sample and presents these products at conferences. Managers will have the opportunity to test the different products and propose their ideas and opinions. Then Kathy Kudler and the managers can talk about pricing and competition issues. Recommendations Using Kudler Fine Food’s marketing summary and organizational data as an influence, there are numerous persuasive issues covered within the business’ procedures that concern the growth of a healthy communication design and can increase ones curiosity. The marketing outline provided is very detailed. It defines Kudler Fine Food’s ambitions to mature in order to lower expenses, gain more devotion from the customers, raise productivity, begin more evolution, and opening the company out. On the other hand, with gains of considerations and issues together, the communication procedures seem to be an expensive suggestion that should not be applauded. It should be recommended that concentrating on existing customers, instead of increasing the customer base and concentrating on present problems on the inside that Kudler is faced with. This will intensify the likelihood of being efficient with both time and expenses, which would impact and regulate a more advantageous advertising approach, that they can use in the future (Perreault, Cannon, & McCarthy, Chapter 2, 2011). Conclusion Kudler’s Fine Foods is increasing quickly and proprietor, Kathy Kudler, recognizes that an operative marketing approach along with the execution of that plan is one of Kudler’s most important ways they will continue to be more successful than their competition. The philosophies for development and putting new services into practice for instance, the catering service are essential to continue Kudler’s on the top of the list. Kathy Kudler and her advertising department are aware, yet, if their marketing strategy does not increase and the consumers are not provided with what they need and want, there is no way that they would be able to will not be able to continue on with their company. Marketing and the plans and policies that go hand in hand with marketing are a few of the most significant elements for an establishment like Kudler’s Fine foods to implement and to carry on using. The marketing department, as well as Kathy Kudler, are required to analyze all characteristics of the marketing tactics that they have established as well as any innovative promotion that requires the right place to make sure that the consumers’ needs and wants are met but also that Kudler Fine Food’s is offering their new services and remaining on the right road to success. It is crucial that Kudler Fine Food’s is continuing this success by setting themselves apart from the competition.

Nursing Association in the US

Nursing Association in the US Nursing homes have come a long way in providing quality long-term carefor the aged. Over the years, nursing association in the United States has expanded its licensing boundaries to accommodate various levels of education in nursing as well as accountability and responsibilities.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Association in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, accreditation for nursing homes and (CCRC) Continuing Care Retirement Centers also came up to ensure that standards and regulations are upheld. Moreover, quality of service provide by CCRCshave improved since the introduction of accreditation programs. In essence, accreditations of these facilities have been influential in improving service delivery and care for the ill as well as disabled. In addition accreditation has enabled nurses to improve care giving to patients and the needy. In fact, supervisory role which lies with physicians h as reduced with the introduction of accreditation programs. This paper will identify as well as discuss accreditation for skilled nursing facilities and continuing care retirement centers(Pacific Retirement Services, Inc., 2011, p. 1). Skilled nursing facilities have become increasingly important in modern times as the population ages. In fact, most families consider moving their aged loved ones into nursing homes. It is therefore important that they are placed in accredited facilities as this ensures their well being. These facilities meet the increasingly difficult needs of senior people in society as they receive attention from care providers all round the clock. In essence, nursing homes or skilled nursing facilities refer to homes that provide best care for the aged (outside the hospital). Basically, skilled nursing facilities provide custodial care. These include medical care, feeding, dressing and bathing, among others. In addition, the facilities provide services of other pr ofessionals like physical or occupational therapists, among others. This makes it a suitable place for the aged. Moreover, there are CCRCs, which specifically target the aged who live independently but require being attended to whenever necessary as they continue to grow older. These communities can sometimes be referred to as Lifecare centers since they entail long term care for the aged. For these service centers to function effectively, they must uphold certain standards as provided by regulators. Therefore they have to receive full accreditation for their services in order to offer them to the public(HELPGUIDE.ORG, 2010, p. 1).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nursing homes and CCRCs are required to meet certain standards that regard competency, credibility as well as quality assurance, among others. This can only be done through accreditation as it ensures that ac ceptable practices are offered. Nursing facilities are usually required to have trained nursing staffs in order to be accredited. This enables them to provide 24-hour nursing care form registered nurses. Similarly, CCRCs must also be accredited before they offer their services to public. The process of accreditation is usually complex as it involves upholding certain requirements. CCRCs are usually accredited by private agencies such as (CCAC) Continuing Care Accreditation Commission, which takes about 14 months. This is always done to promote good governance, resident life as well as reviewing of its finances. Nursing homes also require accreditation and this can be done by agencies namely, (JCAHO) the Joint Commission, (ABC) American Board of Certification and (CARF) Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities, among others(Demand Media, Inc.,2010, p. 1). Once a healthcare provider is accredited by any of the above named agencies, then it can receive full certificatio n for its services. This way, nursing homes and CCRCs can offer quality service to the aged and sick patients. Accreditation has improved service delivery in nursing homes as well as CCRCs and this has in turn worked to refute the myths associated with nursing homes. In essence, in order to improve quality of service in these homes, accreditation process must be followed effectively(BCBSNC, 2011, p. 1). References BCBSNC. (2011). Credentialing Instructions. Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina. Web. Demand Media, Inc. (2010). How to Evaluate a Continuing Care retirement Community. ehow.com. Web. HELPGUIDE.ORG. (2010). Continuing Care Retirement Communities. helpguide.org. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Association in the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pacific Retirement Services, Inc. (2011).Capitol Lakes Retirement Community:Welcome to Capitol Lakes Retirement Community, the best of downt own Madison’s senior living! retirement.org. Web.

Sphinx Moths, Family Sphingidae

Sphinx Moths, Family Sphingidae Members of the family Sphingidae, the sphinx moths, attract attention with their large size and ability to hover. Gardeners and farmers will recognize their larvae as the pesky hornworms that can wipe out a crop in a matter of days. All About Sphinx Moths Sphinx moths, also known as hawkmoths, fly fast and strong, with rapid wingbeats. Most are nocturnal, though some will visit flowers during the day. Sphinx moths are medium to large in size, with thick bodies and wingspans of 5 inches or more. Their abdomens typically end in a point. In sphinx moths, the hindwings are markedly smaller than the forewings. Antennae are thickened. Sphinx moth larvae are called hornworms, for a harmless but pronounced horn on the dorsal side of their hind ends. Some hornworms do significant damage to agricultural crops, and are therefore considered pests. In their final instars, sphinx moth caterpillars can be quite large, some measuring as long as your pinky finger. Classification of Sphinx Moths Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – LepidopteraFamily - Sphingidae The Sphinx Moth Diet Most adults nectar on flowers, extending a long proboscis to do so. Caterpillars feed on a range of host plants, including both woody and herbaceous plants. Sphingid larvae usually have specific host plants, rather than being generalist feeders. The Sphinx MothLife Cycle Female moths lay eggs, usually singly, on host plants. Larvae may hatch within a few days or several weeks, depending on species and environmental variables. When the caterpillar reaches its final instar, it pupates. Most Sphingid larvae pupate in the soil, though some spin cocoons in leaf litter. In places where winter occurs, Sphingid moths overwinter in the pupal stage. Special Adaptations and Defenses of Sphinx Moths Some sphinx moths nectar on pale, deep flowers, employing an unusually long proboscis. The proboscis of certain Sphingidae species can measure a full 12 inches long. Sphinx moths are also famous for their ability to hover at flowers, much like hummingbirds. In fact, some Sphingids resemble bees or hummingbirds and can move sideways and stop in midair. Range and Distribution of Sphinx Moths Worldwide, over 1200 species of sphinx moths have been described. About 125 species of Sphingidae live in North America. Sphinx moths live on all continents except Antarctica.

Discuss the importance of body language and gesture in the councelling Essay

Discuss the importance of body language and gesture in the councelling exchange - Essay Example Counseling is a short-term, theory-based, non-directive, non-judgmental process (Stressmgn, n.d.). During the process, the client or the individual who is facing adjustment, developmental or situational problems, is helped by the counselor to gain awareness of himself and make decisions with support. Hence, the process of counseling would involve befriending, listening, helping, and empowering. Counseling is today a widely practiced profession and deals with problems in the field of personal, social, educational, vocational, mental health issues. Counseling can be of various types like supportive counseling, educational counseling, guidance counseling, career counseling, crisis counseling, grief counseling, post-traumatic counseling, management counseling, family counseling, marriage counseling, counseling in medical settings, rehabilitative and mental health counseling. Body language is a crucial communication tool, yet few people are well-versed in it. It has a significant impact on people’s perception even before we speak. It generates physical and emotional responses to people and situations in life. In counseling, it has great importance be it counseling for career, counseling individuals with difficulties or diseases. When a person comes for counseling, he is generally in a state of indecision and distressed. He is normally reluctant to reveal personal information and secrets. A client may or may not be aware of the need for counseling or his or her present level of functioning. A counselor has to make the individual understand his or her own body language so that they are able to understand themselves better. The counselor needs to use body language as well as interpret the body language of the client or the patient. A counselor has to be fluent in comprehending and responding to the body language and gestures of the client. To help hi m overcome resistance and comprehend himself, body language is extremely important. Hence,

Naomi Barkos perspective of the wage gap due to gender differences Essay

Naomi Barkos perspective of the wage gap due to gender differences - Essay Example Research has been done on the present situation of the wage gap in US in the last decade and the improvements made in the last 30 to 40 after the enforcement of equal wages act and the women’s movement in mid 20th century. Naomi Barko’s perspective of the wage gap due to gender differences Women are still considered as second grade custody workers in various job sectors. A decade ago in the US, women were still being paid low as compared to the men for the same job that they were doing. Women care takers and cleaners has a salary widely disparate form that of men and all because of gender difference. A salary gap of 8000 US dollars separated the women’s yearly income (22000 US Dollars) form the men’s yearly income (30000 US Dollars). (Barko 1) Even after 5 decades since the enforcement of the Equal Payment Act of 1963, American women earned 74 cents for every dollar earned by men, according to the study published jointly by the AFL-CIO and The Institute fo r Women’s Policy Research (IWPR), Washington (Barko 1). An increase in the wages of women task force employed across different industry sectors and in different categories would bring more than 50 % of low income dual-earner and single-mother households above the poverty line. Recent study has challenged the age-old argument of lesser industry experience, child bearing time off and child rearing time off supporting low income of women stating that 43 % of wage gap remains unexplained. Secondary Research After the industrial revolution in the late 19th and early 20th century many new fields of work emerged and the professional world witnessed a boom. New posts were created, new organisations came into existence and new business lines became viable profit-making options. Niche became main-stream and options multiplied. Even in this abundance of organisation, roles and opportunities women generally were granted lower posts, lower income and less challenging roles. It’s on ly been a recent development that women are now being considered and granted equal professional status as their male counterparts. The change in perception of the job industry only changed in the last three decades with the industry stepping into the Silicon Age and the IT boom. IT industry, Media and Entertainment Industry, staffing and HR industry and even government service has matured to not only include women in their task force but grant them equal career levels as compared to men, challenging roles and better pay than earlier. Even after the women’s right movement worldwide and HR concept of inclusion, gender diversity and equality the gap hasn’t reduced significantly and statistics still remain the same â€Å"Women's earnings were  77.0 percent of men's in 2011, compared to 77.4 percent in 2010, according to  Census statistics released September 12, 2012 based on the median earnings of all full-time, year-round workers.  Men's earning in 2011 were $48,20 2 and women's were $37,118, a difference of $11,084.† (National Committee on Pay Equity 2012) Top employers in the Multi-national Corporation category in the software, manufacturing, consultancy and engineering industry have included women in almost all departments,

Thomas Hobbes Ieviathan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thomas Hobbes Ieviathan - Essay Example Always he based his argument on the violent deaths of men on the hands of another man. He believed that the only way natural laws could work was only by submitting the commands t the sovereign. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Oxford 1996 Thomas Hobbes has his own reputation on political philosophy. He is widely known to be a thinker with so many interests in political philosophy. In the world of philosophy, Thomas H. is widely known for his defense on a wide range of issues that included Naminalist, empiricist, and materialist views in contrast to republic. In history too, he is also known to have translated Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian war in to now English which saw him later write his own history on the long parliament. Generally, Thomas H. is widely known for his participation in his intellectual life.1 His vision of the world is original and still relevant to the contemporary politics. His main concern is majorly the problems of the social and political order, which is how human beings can live together without fear or civil conflicts in our societies. He has ever insisted in giving our obedience to an account able sovereign person or group to determine every social political issue. Otherwise, what awaits us is a state of nature, which more closely resembles a civil war whereby everybody in any society is in a state of fear. It is due to Hobbes interpretations, which lead to so many controversies as to whether he sees human beings as merely egoistic or purely self-interested. He goes on to posits unconnected and primitive state of nature whereby men have the natural proclivity to hurt another man and have rights over everything even to one another’s body. This is what making me defends Hobbes in his argument whereby powers should be rested on the sovereign state. Power is entrusted to a certain group who ensures that there is law and order in that state and no civil wars2. In the early 1640s, this is the time when Hobbes started making an impac t with most of the philosophical writings and one of his own was the elements of law, whereby he started with the developments of the workings of the human mind and language also the political matters. One of his first published books on philosophy was the De Cive published in 1642, which encompasses three main aspects, which included Empire, Liberty, and religion. Later when in France Hobbes then wrote Leviathan and this book was published in 1651. Leviathan basically comprises of matters of scriptural interpretation and it is in this book where majorly his work evolves in. Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes during the civil war. Its concerns are basically on the society and the legitimate government hence taken as one of the examples of the social contract theory. He argues that social unity and civil peace can only be achieved through the establishment of a commonwealth through the social contract. This common wealth is then ruled by either a sovereign power or even a s ingle ruler who provides security to the common wealth. He is a man who has lived in fear, which then eventually led him to write the leviathan. In his book, He set out the foundation of states plus the legitimate governments, which are said to have originated from the social contract theory3. This book is known to have been written during the English civil wars. It was as a result of these evil

Law and Morality Essay Example for Free

Law and Morality Essay There has been an ongoing debate about the relationship between law and morality. Numerous writers and philosophers have proffered arguments on how law is affected by morality. The question it is believed is no longer if morality affects law, it is to what extent is law affected by morality? And should there be any limitations on the relationship between law and morality? The law and morality conflict has been persisting for many years. Both the natural law theorists and the positive law theorists would agree that there is a relationship between law and morality. The argument has now moved to what degree morality should play in law? The obvious indication that this has been laid to rest is HLA Hart’s concession made at the onset of his book, Law, Liberty and Morality. He said that there is a definitive answer of yes, that historically and casually law has been influenced by morality. In his book Hart focused on the legal enforcement of morality and likewise this essay is concerned with that question. It is believed this is the only debatable divide between law and morality. The debate became a hot topic in the 1950’s after the creation of a commission to investigate and report back on sexual moralities. The commission led to the publication of the Wolfenden Report in 1957. The report at it outset defined the purpose of criminal law as: .. to preserve the public order and decency, to protect the citizen from what is offensive and injurious and to provide sufficient safeguards against exploitation and corruption of others especially the vulnerable, that is the young, weak in body or mind, inexperienced or those in a state of physical, official or economic dependence. The Law should not intervene in the private lives of citizens or seek to enforce any particular pattern of behaviour further than necessary to carry out the above purpose. Before embarking on the discussion proper, a definition is required for morality and for what law is. Morality according to the Merriam-Webster online dictionary is (a) a doctrine or system of moral conduct; (b) particular moral principles or rules of conduct; or (c) conformity to ideals of right human conduct. Law on the other hand is defined as â€Å"a binding custom or practice of a community: a rule of conduct or action prescribed or formally recognized as binding or enforced by controlling authority. † That is morality is not enforceable by its definition while law is. Moralities are normative rules applied to a society or a sub-group of society that does not bind them in a court of law. The only enforceability of morality by its definition is from the group applying peer pressure. There are two main schools of thought in this divide between law and morality, the natural law theorists and the positive law theorists. The natural law school bases much of their ideas of law in their religious beliefs or other transcendental force such as nature. While positivists argue that law has no necessary basis in morality and that it is simply impossible to assess law in terms of morality. Opposition Supporters of the legal positivist school, such as Hart and Mills, purports that law should be in a different sphere from morality. Utilitarianism, a subgroup of the positivism, believes that laws should only serve for the maximization of utility or happiness for the majority. John Stuart Mills said that instead of society imposing morality on members of a society, the individuals should be free to choose their own conduct. Utilitarian’s are not concerned with the morality of law. They believe that law should only play a minimal role in an individual’s life. Persons should be free to do whatever they want as long as it does not harm another. This is referred to as the ‘harm principle’. Mills said â€Å"the only purpose for which power can rightfully be exercised over any member of a civilised community against his will is to prevent harm to others†. Mills went on and said that not even for the individual’s own good should such power be exerted. This argument is rebuttable in that not because there was no immediate physical harm to another, there was no harm. It could be argued that someone taking drugs or proliferating pornography causes ripple effects that may result in harm to others. Pornography promotes women as sexual objects and thereby promotes sexual violence against women. Drug users, by their combined effect, have led to the growth of large underworlds that not only supply drugs but commits direct victim crimes such as murder. If Mills theory is to be adhered to, this would mean that even in a situation of explicit sadomasochist sexual practices that could result in the injury to participants, the law should not get involved to prevent harm. This is because the individuals consented to such acts and no one will be harmed except the willing participants. In this light R v Brown would have been decided incorrectly. Hart said that the judges in Shaw v DPP, where the defendant was convicted for conspiracy to corrupt public morals after publishing a booklet containing details of prostitutes and their sexual practices, â€Å" seemed willing to pay a high price in terms of the sacrifice of other values for the establishment or re-establishment-of the court as custos morum. † The value Hart was referring to is the legality principle of Lon Fuller. He was suggesting the ruling made the law imprecise and thereby itself immoral. Fuller suggests that for law to be moral there must be eight elements referred to as the ‘inner morality of law’ or ‘principles of legality’ or ‘procedural natural law’. The eight elements are generality, promulgation, non-retroactivity, clarity, non-contradiction, capability of compliance, constancy and congruence. These elements Fuller suggests are what a good legal system should aspire for but no one system has or is expected to perfect all elements. However, significant lack of these elements may mean that a system is an immoral legal system and could support tyranny. Fuller said that tyranny is a result of the break down of the internal morality of law and was the case in Nazi Germany. Hart made that very connection between the principles of legality and tyranny when he suggested that there was no adherence to the principles of legality in Shaw v DPP and by extent was in itself immoral law. The central problem with morality is whose morality is the right morality to enforce. Nazi Germany is the best example of law enforcing morality. This is why caution must be used with the continued growth of the court making moral judgements and pronouncing itself as the custos morum. Hart said that there are several flaws with the use of law to enforce morality and if no such enforcement exists it would not necessarily lead to the disintegration of society. He said that society can support several different and sphere of morality. What is considered moral in one country is not necessarily the same in another. On a smaller scale, what is considered moral in one religion within a country may not hold true for another, yet they can exist in relative harmony through mutual respect. He also said that by using law to enforce morality will result in the stagnating of morals in time. It is evident that morality changes with time and what was immoral years ago would not be immoral today. Sometimes the existing laws do not match changes in societal. In the case R v R, where a husband was charged with attempted rape of his wife, the existing law at the time was outdated in respect of the current moral standards of society. If the courts had followed the law as was, they would directly contradict the will of society and the husband would not have done anything illegal. In that case the court made a value judgement, one based in morality to adapt to the change in the morality of society and found that a husband could in fact rape his wife. This case demonstrates the role morality plays in law. If courts did not have any moral basis, then this may lead to disconnect between the law and society. In R v R the courts had a choice either observe an immoral precedent or to adapt itself to the changing morality of the society. Although the judges may try to propound that they only declared what the law was, this judgement is one on moral basis. Should the judges have followed the law at the time that a man cannot rape his wife? Wouldn’t that have led to an infringement on the woman’s individual right? Are judges the right people to expound morality? Supporters The idea that morality has no place in law has been refuted by many theorists such as Hyman Gross and Lord Devlin. Gross contended that Law and morality are one and the same. Laws are inherently moral and that is why acts like murder, rape and theft have been made illegal. Law and morality cannot be separated as the society creates law based on the foundation that the behaviour being address has to be immoral or undesirable by the reasonable man. The problem with this view is that this cannot explain acts that are prohibited by law but not immoral or the reverse. Sex outside of marriage brings a very strong social scourge but no one believes that adultery rise to the level for legal reprimand. Devlin argued that there is an underlying moral web that keeps society together and it should be protected by law. His approach has some aspect of social contract theory, which suggests that everyone in society is there by agreement. He said that to exist in a society there must be some general principles that members have a consensus on. It could be said to be analogous to a family. In a family there may be several different personalities, but what keep them functioning like a unit is that there are underlying similar values that act as a cohesive bond between members. Devlin said in â€Å"The Enforcement of Morals† (1959) that: Societies disintegrate from within more frequently than they are broken up by external pressures. There is disintegration when no common morality is observed and history shows that the loosening of moral bonds is often the first stage of disintegration, so that society is justified in taking the same steps to preserve its moral code as it does to preserve its government the suppression of vice is as much the laws business as the suppression of subversive activities. Former Minister of Justice of Jamaica, Senator Harding, in his speech at the inaugural lecture at the Institute of Law and Economics said it would have been helpful if Lord Devlin had provided examples of some modern societies which have disintegrated because of the loosening of moral bonds. And it might be a better thing for some societies to disintegrate by loosening its moral bonds. Nazi Germany comes to mind; those societies disintegrate from within more frequently than there are broken up by external pressures†¦ Devlin said that it is morals that hold society together and should therefore influence the development of law. He goes further and said that even if private acts are considered to create sufficient public disgust, that is if the ‘reasonable’ man finds this act so unacceptable then it threatens the moral fabric of society and should be subject to criminal punishment. He describes a limit of tolerance as to how much of an immoral act society or the reasonable man can tolerate. Once society passes this limit then something must be done to intervene. Lord Devlin did not suggest that it is all immorality that should be sanctioned. He suggested that the ones that bring ‘right-minded man’ to disgust should be. It is not believed that Devlin was out of touch with the state of developing individual liberty. It is how far those individual liberties will be allowed to infringe on the general public morality and liberty? There needs to be a balance between the individual’s right and the general public’s. Lord Devlin asked if society has the right to make judgment on individual morality. He answered yes, and this seems to be the accepted approach in R v Brown and Shaw v DPP. There is no where in the past were law has developed in an abstract. Law has developed along with the social changes as R v R Devlin also proposed a guideline for the implementation of statutes. He supported individualism and suggested that persons should have the maximum amount of freedom to do as they wish, except when it conflicts with the society’s integrity. He also said that law should only be created to sanction behaviours that are gross, not just merely immoral. And finally, the law should only set the minimum basic standards expected of individuals. Conclusion Morality is important to the integration of society and if the mythical social contract theory has any weight it is in fact as Devlin suggest the web that holds it together. However, it can also be dangerous and may also be the underlying reason for actual disintegration of society as in Nazi Germany. There is no correct answer or side. The answer rest in the balance: the balance between the individual right and that of society, the balance between the positivist and the naturalist, the balance between the heterosexual and the homosexual. The individual should have the right to do as he feels but there has to be limitations. The extremes of either side of the debate are the danger zones but the answer lies in the indefinable, undiscoverable shadows of the gray that rest between the divide. Bibliography 1. MDA Freeman, Introduction to Jurisprudence 8th Edition (Sweet Maxwell) 2. Http:sixthformlaw. info/01_modules/other_materials/law_and_morality_/08_hart_devlin. htm 3. HLA Harts, Law, Liberty and Morality (University of Stanford Press) 4. Dwight Bellanfante, â€Å"Keep the law out of Gays Bedroom† (The Jamaica Observer October 31, 2004). 5. Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Edition (Longman-Pearson, UK), 6. ‘Criminal Law’, Clarkson and Keating, (Sweet Maxwell), 2007 7. Gary Slapper And David Kelly, The English Legal System 11th Edition (Routledge, UK) Page [ 1 ]. Law, Liberty and Morality, H. L. A Hart, Stanford University Press, 1963. Page 1 [ 2 ]. Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 657 [ 3 ]. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/morality, accessed 20th October 2010. [ 4 ]. http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/law, accessed 20th October 2010. [ 5 ]. Gary Slapper And David Kelly, The English Legal System 11th Ed (Routledge, UK) Page [ 6 ]. Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Pg 655-656 [ 7 ]. Law, Liberty and Morality, HLA Hart Stanford university Press, 1963, page 3 [ 8 ]. Ibid [ 9 ]. Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 656 [ 10 ]. [1993] 2 All ER 75 [ 11 ]. [1961] 2 W. L. R 897 [ 12 ]. Law, Liberty and Morality, HLA Hart Stanford university Press, 1963, page 7 [ 13 ]. [1961] 2 W. L. R 897 [ 14 ]. Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Ed (Longman-Pearson, UK), Pg 658 [ 15 ]. Ibid [ 16 ]. [1992] 1 A. C. 599 [ 17 ]. [1994] 1A. C. 212 [ 18 ]. ‘Criminal Law’, Clarkson and Keating, sweet Maxwell, 2007 [ 19 ]. ‘Keep law out of gays bedrooms’ says Harding, Dwight Bellanfante, Observer staff reporter Sunday, October 31, 2004 [ 20 ]. [1994] 1A. C. 212 [ 21 ]. [1961] 2 W. L. R. 897 [ 22 ]. [1992] 1 A. C. 599 [ 23 ]. Catherine Elliott Frances Quinn, English Legal System 11th Edition (Longman-Pearson, UK), Page 658.